Development of a Multi-Stage Thermoelectric Cryosurgery Prototype for Skin Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Skin cancer is caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells or tissues in the skin layer, often characterized by the appearance of spots, lumps, or moles with abnormal sizes and shapes. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight can trigger abnormal cell growth, increasing the risk of skin cancer. Cryosurgery, a widely used treatment method, employs low temperatures to destroy abnormal cells or tissues. Traditional Cryosurgery methods utilize argon gas or liquid nitrogen to achieve the required low temperatures. This study aims to develop a prototype Cryosurgery device using multi-stage thermoelectric technology as an alternative cooling system, replacing argon gas and liquid nitrogen. The prototype was evaluated by measuring the time required to reach low temperatures in a cooling assembly refrigerator, the cooling time of the Cryosurgery device itself, and temperature differences between the Cryosurgery gun and the probe tip. The results demonstrate that the multi-stage thermoelectric Cryosurgery prototype achieves very low temperatures rapidly, operates with improved energy efficiency and requires minimal maintenance. This innovative system provides better temperature control, safer operation, and a more cost-effective solution compared to traditional methods. However, managing heat dissipation from the thermoelectric modules remains a key challenge for future optimization.